HISTORY
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware
pacstrap /mnt networkmanager vim nano sudo zsh bash bash-completion
pacman -S openssh
pacman -S less wget zip unzip
BIOS or EFI
/sys/firmware/efi exists means system uses UEFI
$ nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
Server = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
$ pacman -S efibootmgr
$ efibootmgr
EFI variables are not supported on this system.
MBR or GPT
$ fdisk -l 查看gpt还是dos
$ fdisk /dev/sda
输入m，输入o修改dos, 输入g修改gpt, 输入a修改boot标签
输入d 删除所有分区
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty MBR (DOS) partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
$ fdisk /dev/sda 添加两个p分区，sda1=300M, 设置boot
$ mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sda1
$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
====== 其他分区工具
cfdisk /dev/sda 两个分区 sda1 EFI, sda2 linux filesystem
blackarch-linux-2023.05.01
root:x:0:0::/root:/bin/bash
Password : blackarch
liveuser:x:1000:984::/home/liveuser:/bin/zsh
Password : blackarch
$ systemctl status systemd-networkd.service
$ systemctl enable --now NetworkManager.service
$ vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
$ systemctl start sshd
$ pacman -Q | wc -l
1527
6374
archlinux-2025.05.01
Step1: RootFS
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
mount --mkdir /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
修改宿主机 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware
pacstrap /mnt networkmanager vim nano sudo zsh bash bash-completion
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
Step2: chroot
umount -R /mnt ;; before reboot
arch-chroot /mnt
vim /etc/hostname
vim /etc/hosts
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
vim /etc/locale.gen
locale-gen
# 这里不建议将 en_US.UTF-8 改为zh_CN.UTF-8 ，这样会导致终端乱码！
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.conf
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" >> /etc/profile
Step3: grub
passwd root
pacman -S grub
====== msdos
grub-install /dev/sda
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
====== gpt
pacman -S efibootmgr
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=GRUB --recheck
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=GRUB
引导 EFI (systemd-boot)
GPT分区: 轻量，代替grub
$> rm -rf /boot/EFI /boot/grub
检查引导
$> bootctl
创建 /boot/EFI /boot/loader
$> bootctl install
修改 /boot/loader/loader.conf
default arch.conf
timeout 3
console-mode keep
新建 /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
options root=UUID=8817c0e4-a5d3-4286-ae19-fccdf47866a9 rw
引导 BIOS (extlinux/syslinux)
MBR分区: https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Syslinux
isolinux 用于cdrom启动
pxelinux 用于网络启动
syslinux/extlinux 用于u盘或者cf卡启动
apt-get install extlinux syslinux-common
pacman -Q | grep syslinux
ls /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/
which extlinux
$> pacstrap /mnt syslinux
mkdir /boot/syslinux
cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/*.c32 /boot/syslinux/
extlinux --install /boot/syslinux/
dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda
/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
/syslinux.cfg
* BIOS: /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
* UEFI: esp/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
* 会显示 boot: 提示符并在 5 秒后自动启动
PROMPT 1
TIMEOUT 50
DEFAULT arch
LABEL arch
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND root=/dev/sda2 rw
INITRD ../initramfs-linux.img
LABEL archfallback
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND root=/dev/sda2 rw
INITRD ../initramfs-linux-fallback.img
* 启动目录
* 依赖 {menu,libutil}.c32
UI menu.c32
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Boot Menu
TIMEOUT 50
DEFAULT arch
LABEL arch
MENU LABEL Arch Linux
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND root=/dev/sda2 rw
INITRD ../initramfs-linux.img
LABEL archfallback
MENU LABEL Arch Linux Fallback
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND root=/dev/sda2 rw
INITRD ../initramfs-linux-fallback.img
* 图形化启动目录
* 依赖 vesamenu.c32
UI vesamenu.c32
DEFAULT arch
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Boot Menu
MENU BACKGROUND splash.png
TIMEOUT 50
MENU WIDTH 78
MENU MARGIN 4
MENU ROWS 5
MENU VSHIFT 10
MENU TIMEOUTROW 13
MENU TABMSGROW 11
MENU CMDLINEROW 11
MENU HELPMSGROW 16
MENU HELPMSGENDROW 29
# Refer to https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php/Comboot/menu.c32
MENU COLOR border 30;44 #40ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR title 1;36;44 #9033ccff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR sel 7;37;40 #e0ffffff #20ffffff all
MENU COLOR unsel 37;44 #50ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR help 37;40 #c0ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR timeout_msg 37;40 #80ffffff #00000000 std
MENU COLOR timeout 1;37;40 #c0ffffff #00000000 std
MENU COLOR msg07 37;40 #90ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR tabmsg 31;40 #30ffffff #00000000 std
LABEL arch
MENU LABEL Arch Linux
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND root=/dev/sda2 rw
INITRD ../initramfs-linux.img
LABEL archfallback
MENU LABEL Arch Linux Fallback
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND root=/dev/sda2 rw
INITRD ../initramfs-linux-fallback.img
=======
mkisofs -o <iso-image-to-create> \
-b <current-directory>/isolinux.bin \
-c <current-directory>/boot.cat \
-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
<directory-of-files-and-directory-to-be-put-in-the-image>
Reboot
$ systemctl enable NetworkManager
也可以手动激活网络
nmtui 激活connection 或者 nmcli dev up ens33
$ pacman -S openssh
$ systemctl enable sshd
修改 sshd_config {PermitRootLogin yes; PasswordAuthentication yes}
pacman -S less wget zip unzip
pacman -S arch-install-scripts // 有 arch-install, pacstrap
pacman -S helix nano
ln -s /usr/bin/helix /usr/bin/vi
> helix相当于一个已经配置完整的vim, space查看功能
> nano复制比较方便
xorg-xinit
https://bashcommandnotfound.cn/article/linux-xinit-command
xorg 不包含xorg-xinit; 可选 xterm
$> pacman -S xorg xorg-xinit
$> pacman -Q | grep xorg
可能是浏览器
pacman -S w3m
w3m suckless.org
wget http://dl.suckless.org/dwm/dwm-6.2.tar.gz
wget http://dl.suckless.org/tools/dmenu-5.0.tar.gz
wget http://dl.suckless.org/st/st-0.8.4.tar.gz
$> pacman -S base-devel
cd dwm
make
make install # /usr/local/bin/dwm
cd dmenu
make
make install # /usr/local/bin/dmenu
cd st
make
make install # /usr/local/bin/st
重启reboot ;; 执行 startx;; Alt + Shift + Enter
创建 ~/.xinitrc
exec dwm
配置 fluxbox
$> pacman -S fluxbox xterm
/usr/bin/startfluxbox
创建 ~/.xinitrc
#!/bin/sh
xterm &
exec startfluxbox
重启reboot ;; 执行 startx;; 右键xterm
或者执行 xinit
https://man.archlinux.org/man/startx.1.en
优先级
$(HOME)/.xinitrc
$(HOME)/.xserverrc
/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
登录启动启动 startx
#
# ~/.bash_profile
#
[[ -f ~/.bashrc ]] && . ~/.bashrc
if [ -z "${DISPLAY}" ] && [ "${XDG_VTNR}" -eq 1 ]; then
exec startx
fi
=========
if [[ -z $DISPLAY ]] && [[ $(tty) = /dev/tty1 ]]; then
startx
fi
========
vim ~/.zprofile
if systemctl -q is-active graphical.target && [[ ! $DISPLAY && $XDG_VTNR -eq 1 ]]; then
exec startx
fi
自动登录 root
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/42359/how-can-i-autologin-to-desktop-with-systemd
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/
touch /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/override.conf
[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=-/usr/bin/agetty --autologin root --noclear %I $TERM
==== 参考
systemctl edit getty@tty1
systemctl -q is-active graphical.target && echo foobar
Desktop environment or Tile window manager ?
pacman -S xorg # Install 330M 包含了 xorg-server, 等于--needed安装包数量
pacman -S --needed qemu-desktop
pacman -S firefox vlc
gnome
// Install 1.7G 包含了gdm（可以直接root登录）
// pacman -S gnome
# Install 890M 足够使用：桌面环境(文件管理器), 终端, 文件编辑器，系统设置
pacman -S gnome-desktop gnome-terminal gnome-text-editor gnome-system-monitor gnome-control-center gdm
systemctl enable gdm
pacman -S gnome-disk-utility 不是必须
lxqt
pacman -S lxqt // groups
pacman -S breeze-icons // icon theme (e.g. breeze-icons or oxygen-icons).
# create user
useradd -m -g users -s /bin/bash slackman
pacman -S sddm
systemctl enable sddm
允许root登录
$ vim /etc/sddm.conf
MinimumUid=0
pacman -S deepin-community-wallpapers
/usr/share/wallpapers/deepin
Arch build system
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Arch_build_system
https://superuser.com/questions/1350308/get-source-for-arch-linux-package
https://lists.archlinux.org/pipermail/arch-general/2018-August/045460.html
The Arch build system (ABS) is a system for building and packaging software from source code
$> sudo pacman -Syu base-devel git
asp export nano
makepkg -s --skippgpcheck
$> pacman -Q | grep nano
$> sudo pacman -R nano
$> sudo pacman -S
$> sudo pacman -U nano-7.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst
没有这个软件
$> sudo pacman -S asp
Download the PKGBUILD
$> asp export <package_name>
Download the source files
$> cd xxx
$> makepkg -do
-s选项会自动安装所有依赖包，
-i选项会在编译完成后自动安装生成的包
$> makepkg -si
======== Usage: get-source xxx
function get-source()
{
asp export $1 && \
pushd $1 && \
makepkg -do --skippgpcheck && \
pushd src
}
========= asp可能是AUR仓库
https://www.maketecheasier.com/use-aur-in-arch-linux
$> useradd cnki -G wheel -m
$> passwd cnki
$> nano /etc/sudoers.d/cnki
cnki ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
cnki ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
su cnki
cd /tmp
https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/asp
只有一个PKGBUILD
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/asp.git --depth=1
makepkg -si
makepkg -si --skippgpcheck
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git --depth=1
makepkg -si
yay -Ss package
About Links
[pacman包管理] https://knightwood.github.io/posts/dd409eba/